Tularemia is caused by a bacteria - Franciscella tularensis. Sources of infection include wild rabbits and hares and it has also been seen in beavers, muskrats and voles. Sheep, dogs and cats can become infected. People become exposed through direct contact with wild rabbits or other mammals or through the bite of an infected tick. Scratches or bites from wild animals are the most common route of infection, but the bacteria can also enter through the eye or through contaminated food or water. The disease can also be transmitted by inhalation.

Tularemia can manifest in various ways including infection at the site of entry (wound, tick bite) and swollen lymph nodes. Exposure through inhalation can cause lung involvement and exposure of the eye can cause conjunctivitis.

Prevention

• Use care in handling wild mammals, especially wild rabbits and hares. Use gloves to handle.
• Clean bites and scratches from wild mammals immediately. Seek medical attention if necessary.
• Avoid contact with ticks by using repellents and protective clothing. Remove ticks as soon as possible.
• Thoroughly cook wild game and avoid contaminated water.