Many animal species can carry bacteria or parasites in their gut that can cause diarrhea or other gastrointestinal signs (i.e. vomiting, cramping, bloating). Some of these organisms can cause further sequelae that could be potentially serious. Exposure to these organisms can occur by eating contaminated meat, but exposure also occurs with any handling or contact with fecal material.

Campylobacter bacteria is carried in the feces of many animals, most commonly poultry and cattle. Campylobacter can also be a contaminant of food. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is another bacteria that can cause diarrheal diseases in people. Some strains of E. coli, most notably O157:H7 can have more serious complications, including kidney disease and failure, especially in children. Salmonella is another bacteria carried by animals that can cause severe diarrhea which could lead to dehydration. Turtles and other reptiles are often carriers of Salmonella.

Parasitic organisms can also cause enteric diseases and can be passed from animals to humans. Two of these parasites are Cryptosporidium and Giardia. These protozoan parasites can be carried by animals and can also infect water sources.

Non human primates can carry Shigella bacteria which can cause diarrhea in the monkeys and can be transmitted to humans. Shigellosis in non human primates can be fatal but if the animal recovers, the bacteria can be shed in the feces for long periods of time. Shigellosis in humans can cause bloody diarrhea, dehydration and weight loss.

Prevention

• The most effective way of preventing these enteric diseases is by washing your hands, especially before eating, drinking, smoking etc and when you leave the animal area.